Carbon monoxide (CO), often referred to as the “silent killer,” is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that can be deadly when inhaled in high concentrations. While it is often associated with outdoor air pollution, CO can also pose a significant risk within our homes and workplaces.

Furthermore, while carbon monoxide is often associated with acute poisoning, leading to immediate symptoms like headaches, dizziness, and nausea (hence we have CO alarms), it can also have long-term health consequences. Even exposure to low levels of CO over extended periods can cause damage to various organs and systems. Chronic CO exposure has been linked to chronic fatigue, memory problems, work difficulties, sleep disorders, dizziness, neurological disorders, paresthesia, recurrent infections, abdominal pain, and diarrhea ^{1, 2}.

Why is CO Monitoring Essential?

1. Incomplete Combustion: Many common household appliances, such as gas stoves, furnaces, water heaters, and fireplaces, produce CO as a byproduct of incomplete combustion. When these appliances are not properly maintained or ventilated, CO can accumulate indoors, leading to dangerous levels.
2. Fuel-Burning Appliances: If you have any fuel-burning appliances in your home, such as a gas generator or kerosene heater, it is crucial to have CO detectors installed. These appliances can emit significant amounts of CO, especially when used improperly or in poorly ventilated areas.
3. Improper Ventilation: Inadequate ventilation can trap CO within enclosed spaces, preventing it from dispersing into the outside air. This can be particularly problematic in poorly ventilated areas or during the winter months when windows and doors are closed.
4. Crowed Indoor Spaces: Even in the absence of a direct source of combustion, carbon monoxide levels can increase indoors, particularly in high-occupancy areas. Human respiration and the breakdown of organic materials release small amounts of CO as it is also produced endogenously in the body, as the by-product of heme metabolism ³. When a large number of people are confined in a poorly ventilated space, the buildup of carbon monoxide and the limited airflow can contribute to elevated concentrations. This phenomenon is especially concerning in crowded environments such as schools, offices, or public transportation.

Health Implications of CO Exposure

Exposure to CO can have serious health consequences, ranging from mild symptoms to life-threatening conditions.Common symptoms of CO poisoning include:

• Headache
• Dizziness
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Confusion
• Loss of consciousness

In severe cases, CO poisoning can lead to:

• Brain damage
• Heart attack
• Coma
• Death

Carbon Monoxide Alarms vs. Monitors

While both carbon monoxide alarms and monitors detect the presence of carbon monoxide gas, they serve different purposes. Alarms are designed to provide a loud audible warning when CO levels exceed a predetermined threshold, alerting occupants to the danger. They are typically used in residential settings to ensure prompt action in case of a CO emergency. On the other hand, monitors offer a more comprehensive solution by providing real-time measurements of CO levels. They are often equipped with digital displays, allowing users to track CO concentrations over time and identify potential trends. Monitors are particularly useful for individuals with respiratory issues or those living in environments with high CO pollution.

Both equipments are equally important indoors as they serve a specific function. By combining the strengths of both alarms and monitors, individuals can create a comprehensive CO safety plan that protects their health and well-being.

Tips for Preventing CO Poisoning

• Install CO Alarms & Monitors: Place CO alarms on every level of your home, near bedrooms and living areas and monitors in areas you spend most of your time. Test them regularly to ensure they are functioning properly.
• Proper Ventilation: Ensure that your home has adequate ventilation, especially when using gas appliances. Open windows and doors periodically, or use exhaust fans.
• Maintain Appliances & Electrify: Regularly inspect and maintain your gas appliances to ensure they are operating efficiently and safely. Electrifying outdated gas appliances can significantly reduce the risk of CO poisoning. By switching to electric alternatives, homeowners can eliminate the potential for CO leaks and create a safer, healthier living environment.
• Avoid Using Generators Indoors: Ensure gasoline or diesel generator are located at least 20-feet from buildings and/or structures and never use them indoors or in a garage – even with the door open. The fumes from generators typically contain as much CO as a whole parking lot of cars.

By taking these precautions and monitoring CO levels in your home, you can significantly reduce the risk of CO poisoning and protect the health of yourself and your family. For more information please visit the National Carbon Monoxide Awareness Association at https://www.ncoaa.us.

References

1. Tetsuka, S., Suzuki, T., Ogawa, T., Hashimoto, R., & Kato, H. (2021). Repeated unconsciousness due to chronic carbon monoxide poisoning in an older patient: a case report. Journal of Rural Medicine, 16(4), 289–292. https://doi.org/10.2185/jrm.2021-033
2. Townsend, C. L. (2002). Effects on health of prolonged exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 59(10), 708–711. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.59.10.708
3. Ryter, S. W., & Choi, A. M. K. (2013). Carbon monoxide in exhaled breath testing and therapeutics. Journal of Breath Research, 7(1), 017111. https://doi.org/10.1088/1752-7155/7/1/017111